薄壳山核桃种子吸水特性研究毕业论文

 2021-04-20 10:04

摘 要

薄壳山核桃是原产于美国的干果、材用、绿化树种,国内广泛引种栽培,本文旨在通过对薄壳山核桃种子吸水特性研究,明确薄壳山核桃种子的吸胀规律。实验结果显示完整种子与种壳吸水15d其含水量仍然有上升的趋势,而种仁吸胀9d后其含水量稳定,并且在15℃、25℃、35℃三个温度下吸胀无明显差异,因此在生产中,薄壳山核桃种子所需的吸胀时间为9d以上。种子去壳吸胀时,种仁含水量仅需22h就稳定在37.5%;而完整种子吸胀时,种仁含水量仅为28%,可知种壳能够限制种子的吸胀速率以及吸胀达到饱和时的含水量。通过液蜡封堵、染色示踪可得:内种皮的种脐处是种仁的主要吸水点,通过大量的维管束来吸水;而其他区域被蜡质覆盖,几乎不能吸水;并且种脐吸收的水分需要通过胎座来传导。这是薄壳山核桃种子缓慢吸水的原因。

关键词:薄壳山核桃;吸胀;含水量

Studies on water absorbtion characteristics of Carya illinoensis

ABSTRACT

Carya illinoensis is native to the united states, and it is nut, timber and green tree species.The article aims to study on water absorption characteristics of Carya illinoensis, then learn the imbibition law of Carya illinoensis.The major conclusion were summarized as below:

The changes of moisture content in seeds during imbibition:There is no obvious difference during imbibition at different temperatures(15℃,25℃,35℃).Before the shell spliting, the moisture content of kernels stables at about 26% after imbibition for 9 days.After imbibition for 15 days, the moisture content of seeds and shells are 28% and 32%, and the dates still have the upward trend.Therefore,the essential time of imbibition can not be determined by the change of moisture content of seeds.In production, Carya illinoensis seeds only need imbibition for 9 days.After imbibition for 22 hours, moisture content of the kernels without shells can be 38%, it shows that shells can restrict the rate of moisture absorbtion and the saturation moisture content.

Water uptake site:We figures out the reasons why pecans can not absort quickly by liquid wax plugging and dye tracing.The reasons are that kernels water uptake via the hilum of endotesta, where it has several vascular bundles and the other area is covered with wax so that can not absort water:in addition, placenta can transfer water which absorbed via hilums.

Key words:Carya illinoensis seeds;imbibition;water content

目 录

1 文献综述………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 薄壳山核桃概况及研究进展…………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1 薄壳山核桃概况………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.2 薄壳山核桃引种历史………………………………………………………………1

1.2 种子吸水与萌发特性研究进展…………………………………………………………………2

1.2.1 种子萌发………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2.2 水分代谢………………………………………………………………………………2

1.3 研究目的与意义………………………………………………………………………………2

1.3.1 薄壳山核桃种子吸水与萌发特性研究………………………………………………2

2 材料与方法……………………………………………………………………………………………4

2.1 材料来源………………………………………………………………………………………4

2.2 薄壳山核桃种子形态结构观察测定…………………………………………………………4

2.2.1 种子大小与千粒重测定………………………………………………………………4

2.2.2 种子大小与千粒重测定 …………………………………………………………………4

2.3 薄壳山核桃吸水特性……………………………………………………………………………4

2.3.1 初始含水量测定方法………………………………………………………………4

2.3.2 种子吸胀过程中含水量的变化……………………………………………………4

2.3.3 种子透水区域与吸水的方向性……………………………………………………5

3 结果与分析………………………………………………………………………………………7

3.1 薄壳山核桃种子形态结构……………………………………………………………………7

3.2 薄壳山核桃吸水特性研究…………………………………………………………………7

3.2.1 不同温度下种子吸胀过程中含水量的变化…………………………………………7

3.2.2 薄壳山核桃种子种壳透水区域的研究………………………………………………11

3.2.3 薄壳山核桃种子种皮透水区域的研究…………………………………………………12

3.2.4 薄壳山核桃胎座结构观察……………………………………………………………13

结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………15

致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………17

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………………18

前言

美国山核桃 (Carya illinoensis Koch) 原产美国以及墨西哥北部,胡桃科山核桃属,高大乔木,由于其形状为长椭圆形且种壳薄,故又名长山核桃或者薄壳山核桃。高度可达50m,胸径可达到2m,树皮粗糙并且纵裂较深。果实矩圆状或长椭圆形,长3~5cm,外果皮4瓣裂,有4条纵棱,革质。5月开花,9~11月果实成熟。

薄壳山核桃的坚果个头较大、种壳较薄,种仁大,且容易取出;它的果仁色香味俱全、无苦涩味道,是全世界著名的干果;它营养物质含量丰富,具有良好的保健作用。薄壳山核桃种仁含有丰富油脂,高达70%以上,是上等的烹调用油和色拉油,薄壳山核桃是重要的木本油料植物。薄壳山核桃也是上佳的材用和庭园树种,能够绿化荒山、荒滩、荒地,在江苏沿海各地生长较好。目前在我国大力发展木本食用油料的背景下,因薄壳山核桃具有含油率高、营养丰富的优势,而具有广阔的发展空间,并呈现了良好的发展势头。因此,薄壳山核桃具有优良的经济、生态、社会价值[1-2]

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