摘 要

青钱柳（Cyclocarya paliurus）是我国特有的单种属植物，集药用、材用、观赏价值于一体。随着栽培面积逐渐扩大，发现青钱柳多位于土壤贫瘠的荒坡地，立地条件差，严重影响青钱柳的品质和价值。前期调查发现南京林业大学白马基地青钱柳长势较差，林地土壤易板结，有效态N、P含量较低。为了改良土壤和提高林木生产力，在前期调查研究的基础上，采用不同组合生物菌肥（巨大芽孢杆菌（M）、荧光假单胞菌（F）、褐球固氮菌（C）、巴西固氮螺菌（B））与有机肥配施，对来自沐川的两年生青钱柳苗进行盆栽试验。在第一次施肥后第10d（Ⅰ-10d）、30d（Ⅰ-30d）、45d（Ⅰ-45d）；第二次施肥后第45d（Ⅱ-45d）；第三次施肥后第45d（Ⅲ-45d）；第四次施肥后第45d（Ⅳ-45d）对土壤有效养分（有效磷、无机氮、碱解氮）和青钱柳生长指标（苗高、地径、生物量）进行测定，来探讨探讨生物菌肥在盆栽条件下对土壤有效养分、青钱柳生长指标的影响，主要得到以下结论：

1. 菌肥处理对土壤铵态氮含量影响不显著，但铵态氮含量随时间变化显著，在Ⅳ-45d时，铵态氮含量显著高于其他时间段。不同菌肥处理在Ⅰ-10d时对土壤硝态氮含量影响显著；且硝态氮含量随时间变化显著，在Ⅰ-10d时各处理硝态氮显著高于其他时间段。不同菌肥处理对土壤碱解氮含量影响显著，在Ⅰ-45d时，菌肥处理的碱解氮含量均高于CK处理。综上，增施褐球固氮菌、巴西固氮菌对土壤氮素作用效果最好。
2. 菌肥处理对土壤有效磷含量影响显著，在Ⅰ-45d时，M处理有效磷比CK高了1.48倍；在Ⅳ-45d时，MFCB处理有效磷含量最高，比CK高了1.51倍；在其他时间段，处理间差异未达到显著水平。在施肥前期有效磷含量较高，施肥后期有效磷含量降低。即为了补充土壤有效磷，可增施四种细菌组合。
3. 菌肥处理对青钱柳苗高、地径、叶生物量影响显著，其中MF处理下苗高、地径最高，比CK高了1.28倍、1.16倍；MFCB处理下青钱柳叶生物量最高，比CK高了2.14倍。增施巨大芽孢杆菌和荧光假单胞菌对青钱柳生长指标促进效果最好，增施四种菌肥组合对青钱柳叶生长量作用效果最佳。

关键词：生物菌肥；土壤养分；青钱柳；生长

Effects of Biological bacterial Fertilizer on soil characteristics and growth of Cyclocarya paliurus

ABSTRACT

Cyclocarya paliurus is a unique single species plant in China, which integrates medicinal, timber and ornamental value. With the gradual expansion of cultivation area, it was found that most of the selected sites for cultivation of C. paliurus were located on barren land, and the site conditions were poor, which seriously affected the quality and value of C. paliurus. The seedling growth status of C. paliurus in Baima Base of Nanjing Forestry University was poor, which was mainly due to infertile clay soil conditions, with low contents of available N and P. In order to improve the soil and the productivity, different combinations of biological bacterial fertilizers were used on the basis of previous investigation and research. The pot experiment of two-year-old seedlings from Muchuan was carried out with the combined application of Bacillus megaterium (M), Pseudomonas fluorescens(F), Azotobacter chroococcum Beijerinck(C), Azospirillam brasilense(B) and organic fertilizer. On the 10th day (Ⅰ-10d), 30th day (Ⅰ-30d), 45th day (Ⅰ-45d) after the first fertilizer application; 45th day (II-45d) after the second fertilization, 45th day (III-45d) after the third fertilization, and 45d (IV-45d) after the fourth fertilization. The available soil nutrients (available phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen, alkalide nitrogen) and the growth index (plant height, ground diameter, biomass ) of C. paliurus were determined on the 45th day (IV-45d) after the fourth fertilizer application. After we investigated the effect of biological bacterial fertilizer on soil available nutrients and growth indexes of C. paliurus under pot conditions, the main conclusions were as follows:

The effect of bacterial fertilizer treatment on the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil was not significant, but the content of ammonium nitrogen changed significantly with time, and the content of ammonium nitrogen was significantly higher than that in other time periods at IV-45 days. The effect of different bacterial fertilizer treatments on soil nitrate nitrogen content was significant at Ⅰ-10days, and the nitrate nitrogen content changed significantly with time, and the nitrate nitrogen content of each treatment was significantly higher than that of other time periods at Ⅰ-10days. The effect of different bacterial fertilizer treatments on soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was significant. At I-45 days, the alkalide nitrogen content of bacterial fertilizer treatment was higher than that of CK treatment. In summary, the application of Azotobacter chroococcum Beijerinck and Azospirillam brasilense had the best effect on soil nitrogen.

The effect of bacterial fertilizer treatment on soil available phosphorus content was significant. The available phosphorus content of M treatment was 1.48 times higher than that of CK, and the available phosphorus content of MFCB treatment was the highest, which was 1.51 times higher than that of CK treatment, and the available phosphorus content of M treatment was 1.48 times higher than that of CK treatment, and the available phosphorus content of M treatment was 1.48 times higher than that of CK treatment. In other time periods, the difference between treatments did not reach a significant level. The available phosphorus content was higher in the early stage of fertilizer application, but decreased in the later stage of fertilizer application. That is, in order to supplement soil available phosphorus, four additional bacterial combinations can be applied.

The effect of bacterial fertilizer treatment on seedling height, ground diameter and leaf biomass of C. paliurus was significant, in which seedling height and ground diameter were the highest under MF treatment, which were 1.28 times and 1.16 times higher than CK, and the biomass of C. paliurus leaves under MFCB treatment was the highest, which was 2.14 times higher than that of CK. Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens had the best effect on the growth index of C. paliurus,, and the combination of four kinds of fertilizer had the best effect on the leaf growth of C. paliurus.

Keywords: biological bacterial fertilizer; soil nutrients; C. paliurus; growth

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