不同桃砧类型对盐胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性评价毕业论文

 2021-04-27 08:04

摘 要

以3种桃砧种质1年生嫁接苗为试材,研究了3种桃砧对盐胁迫生理响应的差异,并对8种桃砧种质进行了耐盐性评价。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,3种桃砧叶片受害症状逐渐加重,表现为质膜透性和Na 含量显著增加等生理响应;蒙古扁桃具有较强的渗透调节(可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量高)、离子平衡(Na 含量低,K 含量高)和抗氧化(SOD和POD活性高)能力,较好地控制Na 进入叶片,维持质膜的完整和稳定,表现出较强的耐盐性,毛樱桃与之相反,毛桃介于二者之间;基于叶片质膜相对透性、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性、叶中Na 和K 含量所计算隶属函数值进行综合评价,不同树种/品种的桃砧耐盐性排序为蒙古扁桃gt;山桃gt;GF677gt;毛桃gt;甘肃桃gt;陕甘山桃gt;筑波5号gt;毛樱桃。试验结果为桃砧种质耐盐性评价提供了评价指标,并为杂交育种和沿海滩涂发展桃树种植提供了耐盐性种质资源。

关键词:桃砧;盐胁迫;生理响应;差异性;耐盐性

Physiological Responses of Different Peach Rootstocks to Salt Stress and Their Salt Tolerance Evaluation

Abstract

The experiment was conducted with one-year-old grafted seedlings of 3 tree species fit for peach rootstock. The physiological responses of 3 tree species to salt stress were studied and their salt tolerances were evaluated. The results were as follows: their salt symptoms aggravated gradually with salt levels increasing and treatment time extension, and showed the physiological responses included plasma membrane permeability and Na content increasing. Amygdalus mongolica had strong abilities of osmotic adjustment, ion balance, antioxidant, so that it could well control Na entering leaf, and maintain plasma membrane integrity and stability. Based on the above, Amygdalus mongolica showed strong salt tolerance. But those of Cerasus tomentosa were contrary to Amygdalus mongolica, and showed inferior salt tolerance; salt tolerance of Prunus persica felled in between Cerasus tomentosa and Amygdalus mongolica. Subordinative function values were calculated basing on the following indexes: plasma membrane permeability, the contents of soluble sugar and free proline, SOD and POD activity, and the contents of Na and K in leaf. The 8 kinds of peach rootstock germplasms were comprehensively evaluated and their order of salt tolerance from strong to weak was Amygdalus mongolicaPrunus davidianaPrunus amygdalus×Prunus persica(GF677), Prunus persicaAmygdalus kansuensisPrunus davidiana var.potaninii Rehd, Pnmus persica‘tsuku-h-5’, Cerasus tomentosa. The above results provided salt resistance evaluation indexes of peach rootstock germplasms, and did the salt resistance germplasm resources for breeding hybrid and planting peach tree in coastal tidal flats.

Key words: Peach rootstocks; Salt stress; Physiological response; Diversity; Salt tolerance

目 录

1 前言 4

2 文献综述 4

2.1桃树砧木应用 4

2.2 果树的抗盐性研究概况 6

2.2.1盐胁迫对果树的伤害 6

2.2.2果树耐盐碱性生理生化机制的研究进展 6

2.2.3耐盐果树筛选及评价 7

2.3 桃树砧木研究和生产中存在的问题及展望 8

2.3.1存在问题 8

2.3.2 展望 9

3 材料与方法 9

3.1 试验材料 9

3.2 试验方法 9

3.3 项目测定 10

3.4 数据分析 10

4 结果与分析 10

4.1 盐胁迫对桃砧盐害的影响 10

4.2 盐胁迫对桃砧叶片质膜相对透性的影响 11

4.3盐胁迫对桃砧叶片渗透调节物质含量的影响 11

4.4 盐胁迫对桃砧叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响 12

4.5 盐胁迫对桃砧叶片Na 、K 含量的影响 13

4.6不同桃砧树种/品种的耐盐性评价 15

5 结论与讨论 16

致谢 18

参考文献 191 前言

在研究果树耐盐机理的基础上,通过筛选鉴定耐盐材料来提高果树的耐盐能力,对沿海滩涂的开发意义重大。桃(Amygdalus persica L.)属于盐敏感果树,而桃的耐盐性问题实质是砧木的耐盐性问题。目前对耐盐果树砧木的选育主要利用现有果树资源进行筛选,或者利用杂交技术、生物技术进行培育。迄今为止仍没有获得真正在田间具有高耐盐能力的植株(张素敏,2004);通过杂交育种培育耐盐型果树砧木品种周期长,而且必须事先取得各种耐盐性强的种质资源。而直接对砧用性能良好的现有果树及其品种进行耐盐评价,再通过实生群体筛选抗盐植株,进而无性系化扩繁,则是获得耐盐砧木最有效方式(曲艳华 等,2014)。

目前各国均在通过搜集、筛选甚至选育优良砧木解决桃产业所面临的盐碱、干旱、涝害、寒害、重茬、根结线虫、根癌病等问题,也进行了耐盐机理的研究。目前关于桃砧木的抗盐性,仅见单个砧木的抗性介绍(蒋海月 等,2011),或多个果树种质的叶片盐害评价(马凯 等,1997;张笑颜 等,2008),很少见到对多个常见桃砧种质的耐盐生理差异和耐盐性评价的报道(史燕山 等,2004)。因此研究桃砧的耐盐机制和筛选耐盐种质资源,对于桃树的区域化推广和珍贵种质资源的开发利用意义重大。毛桃(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)是我国应用最普遍的桃砧,毛樱桃(Cerasus tomentosa (Thunb.)Wall)是最有潜力的矮化多抗型桃砧树种(张建国,2000),蒙古扁桃(Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker)是珍贵的桃属种质资源(斯琴巴特尔,2003)。该试验以3个桃砧种质为材料,研究了不同桃砧对盐胁迫的生理响应的差异,同时对8个常见桃砧种质进行耐盐性评价,为耐盐评价体系建立和耐盐种质筛选提供参考。

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