摘 要

随着畜牧养殖业规模化、集约化发展，禽畜粪便 沼气工程产生的沼液数量增加，沼液 中氮、磷、钾等营养元素丰富，直接排放极易造成水体富营养化和环境污染。沼液是沼气发酵过后的液体残留物，是一种优质的有机肥料。本论文以江苏东台林场的3年生和10年生杨树人工林为对象，研究了沼液施肥对杨树人工林土壤酶活性的的影响，实验设计按667m²沼液施肥量15 m³、30 m³、45 m³、60m³、75 m³设置处理C1、C2、C3、C4、C5，在2016年的3月与8月分2次平均施入，同时设置空白处理CK。主要结论如下：

（1）施用沼液可以提高土壤脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性,但施用沼液各处理间对土壤脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性的影响较小。在三个时期呈现先降低再升高的趋势,而施用化肥对过氧化氢酶活性影响较小。

（2）施用沼液后，成林土壤中的过氧化氢酶活性均高于幼林中酶活性。然后在7月份的时候，幼林的土壤酶活性的提升与成林相比较为迅速。

（3）施用沼液对林地土壤酶活性产生影响。各处理无论是幼林还是成林土壤中的过氧化氢酶，活性变化很大，其中只有C2、C3酶活性较对照活性有所上升，其余均较对照有所下降；沼液均能能提高土壤脲酶活性；各施肥处理碱性磷酸酶活性比对照均有不同程度的降低。其中七月份酶活性均较三月份和十一月份的高。

综上所述，适量施用沼液对杨树林地土壤理化性质和杨树生长有促进作用，对酶活性有促进作用，能够提高林下植物的多样性。

关键词：沼液；杨树；土壤肥力；酶活性；

Effect of Biogas Slurry Fertilization on Soil Enzyme Activities

in Poplar Plantation

With the large-scale development of livestock breeding industry, intensive development of livestock and poultry manure biogas production increased the amount of biogas slurry, biogas slurry nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient-rich, direct emissions can easily lead to water eutrophication and environmental pollution. Biogas slurry is a liquid residue after biogas fermentation, and is a high quality organic fertilizer. In this paper, the effects of biogas manure on soil enzyme activities in poplar plantations were studied in 3-year-old and 10-year-old poplar plantations in Dongtai Forest Farm, Jiangsu Province. According to the amount of fertilizer applied in 667m² biogas slurry, 15 m³, 30 m³, 45 m³, 60m³,75 m³ set to deal with C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, in 2016 in March and August 2 times the average application, while setting the blank processing CK. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) The content of soil organic matter and N, P and K increased from July to November, respectively, with the increase of application of biogas slurry. The soil nutrient content in November was higher than that in November High in July

(2) Soil pH and bulk density were changed after application of biogas slurry, and the soil pH of young forest and forest forest decreased, but the difference was not significant, and the soil bulk density decreased with the increase of biogas slurry application.

(3) Effects of biogas slurry on soil enzyme activities in forest land. The activity of catalase in the forest was higher than that in the young forest or forest forest. The activity of C2 and C3 was higher than that of the control, and the others were decreased compared with the control. The biogas slurry could improve the soil Urease activity; alkaline phosphatase activity of each fertilization treatment than the control were reduced to varying degrees. The enzyme activity in July was higher than in March and November.

In summary, the amount of biogas slurry on poplar forest land soil physicochemical properties and poplar growth, had a promoting effect on enzyme activity,could promote the diversity of forest plants.

Key words: Biogas slurry; poplar; soil fertility; enzyme activity;

目 录

1.前言 4

1.1研究背景 4

1.3.3施肥对土壤酶活性等理化性质的影响 6

1.4实用价值和理论意义 6

1.5课题来源 6

2.研究方法 7

2.1实验地概况 7

2.2研究思路和技术路线 7

2.3研究方法 7

2.3.1采样方法 7

2.3.2实验的测定方法和分析方法 8

3.结果分析 8

3.1杨树人工林土壤的过氧化氢酶 8

3.2杨树人工林土壤的脲酶 9

3.3杨树人工林土壤的磷酸酶 11

4.结论与讨论 13

4.1结论 13

4.2讨论 14

致谢 15

参考文献 16

1.前言

1.1研究背景

随着畜牧养殖业规模化、集约化发展,禽畜粪便沼气工程产生的沼液 数量增加,沼液中氮、磷、钾等营养元素丰富,对于植物生长具有很强的培育作用，尤其是对于植物的土壤部分，而且随着大规模的生猪养殖基地的扩展，到2015年，优势区域生猪出栏达到4.0亿头，年均递增3.4%，猪肉产量3240万 t，年均递增3.5%，其中，规模养殖的比重将达到 65%以上^[1]。这些生猪生产的大量沼液失去了原有的出路，在这样的形势下，将沼液来作为肥料为植物提供充足的养分，沼液中含有多种有机物质，活性成分，激素类物质，因此，利用沼液配制的液体肥对植物的生长、发育、成熟等阶段也都有重要的促进、调节作用，使作物的抗旱能力增强，使作物抗冻能力提高，还能有效地改善作物的品质，改善植物根系周围环境，改良土壤，可解决长期施用化肥带来的土壤板结问题^[9]。既可以解决沼液闲置的问题，还能达到一个生态平衡的状态，培育出更为优良的植物品种。在本次试验中将选取杨树为植物材料，在苗圃地连作育苗的环境下，随着育苗代数的增加，土壤中的酶活性日益降低，在垂直土壤剖面上,脲酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性均随着土层的加深而降低,多酚氧化酶活性则表现出先增加后减小的趋势^[2]。如果能在一方面得出一个好的方向，对于以后苗圃的规划起到了重要的作用。

1.2国内外的研究概论