摘 要

4/E₆值的测定。实验结果表明，细粒径并添加0.5%的微生物菌剂的堆体升温快，最高温度高于其他处理，并且维持高温的时间最长；各堆体在经过30天的处理后，容重都增大，总孔隙度减小，大小孔隙度的比例减小，更适合作为栽培基质；除了粗粒径的处理3，其他各处理的初始pH皆呈碱性，并且处理30天后的pH值几乎没有改变。粗粒径处理3的初始pH呈酸性，堆肥结束后则呈碱性；各处理的E₄/E₆在堆肥前后变化不大，因而pH及E₄/E₆不适合作为评价堆肥腐熟度的指标；各处理的电导率值在堆肥过程中皆呈增加的趋势，是由于微生物分解有机物质产生大量的细胞物质；各处理的初始种子发芽指数都大于70%，符合无害化标准，然而随着堆肥的进行，种子发芽率指数反而有所降低，可能与堆肥过程中会释放大量的酚类及氨气等有毒物质有关，同时也说明了杨树皮堆制30天并未达到腐熟的标准，还需进一步堆制，以达到无害化的标准。

关键词：杨树皮；堆肥；粒径大小；微生物菌剂；腐熟度

Component analysis of poplar bark composting process

Abstract:Experiment with crushed poplar bark as material, the poplar bark for aerobic composting, temperature, particle size and compound microbial inoculant on composting process and the impact of product quality, in order to determine the best compost method. The experiment is divided into two groups, each of three treatments,which are expected at the end of poplar bark, poplar bark of the initial C / N ratio of 26 to reach the composting of the best C / N ratio, without adjustment; the adjustment of each pile body water content reached about 60%. In the light of the influence of poplar bark composting process and quality of the 2 factors, namely, the particle size (Gradient 2: particle size lt;0.5cm, 0.5cm ≤ poplar bark particle size ≤ 2 cm), microbial agents (3 levels:0%,0.3%,0.5%).Design factors in a randomized complete block experiment, each treatment was repeated three times. Fresh compost samples for the determination of directly or placed in 4℃ refrigerator to save for moisture content, pH, conductivity, and seed germination index determination; Another part of the sample is made ​​of air-dried samples for the determination of humic acid E4/E6 value. The experimental results show that the fine particle size and the addition of 0.5% of the microbial agents of Reactor temperature, maximum temperature is higher than other treatments, and to maintain the high temperature of the longest. The reactor body after 30 days of treatment, bulk density increases, the total porosity decreases, the ratio of the size of the porosity decreases, more suitable for cultivation of matrix. Coarse processing in addition to other treatments and initial pH were highly alkaline, and deal with the pH value of 30 days almost no change. Coarse particle size to deal with the initial pH is acidic, alkaline after the end of the compost; each treatment E4/E6 little change before and after composting, thus pH and E4/E6 is not suitable as indicators of the evaluation of compost maturity;deal with the conductivity value in the composting process were highly increasing trend is due to microbial decomposition of organic matter to produce large amounts of cellular material; deal with the initial seed germination index greater than 70%, in line with the standards of harmless However, with thecomposting, seed germination rate index but decreased the release of a large number of phenols, ammonia and other toxic substances may be associated with the composting process, also shows that 30 days did not reach the maturity of the standards of the poplar bark composting,needs further composting, in order to achieve sound standards.

Key Words:poplar bark,compost, particle size , microbial agents maturity

目 录

前言 1

1文献综述 2

1.1杨树皮的国内外研究进展 2

1.1.1研究状况 2

1.1.1.1利用杨树皮制造堆肥 2

1.1.1.2利用杨树皮作饲料 2

1.1.1.3药用 3

1.1.1.4利用杨树皮栽植真菌 3

1.1.1.5杨树皮的其他利用 3

1.1.2杨树皮堆肥产品的主要用途 3

1.1.2.1园林覆盖物 3

1.1.2.2肥料 4

1.1.2.3栽培基质 4

1.2研究目的和意义 5

2材料与方法 5

2.1实验材料 5

2.2试验方法 6

2.2.1堆置场地和容器 6

2.2.2实验设计 6

2.2.3样品采集与贮存 6

2.2.4堆肥浸提液的制备 6

2.2.5堆肥风干样品的制备 6

2.2.6检测方法 7

2.3实验数据处理 7

3结果与分析 7

3.1堆肥过程中温度的变化 7

3.2 堆肥过程中含水率的变化 10

3.3堆肥过程中孔隙度的变化 11

3.4堆肥过程中容重的变化 12

3.5堆肥过程中pH的变化 12

3.6堆肥过程中电导率的变化 14

3.7堆肥过程中胡敏酸E₄/E₆值的变化 16

3.8堆肥过程中种子发芽指数的变化 17

4结论与讨论 19

4.1结论 19

4.2讨论 19

致 谢 21

参考文献 22

前言

杨树(Populus)是杨柳科杨属通称，具有早期速生、适应性强、分布广、种类和品种多、容易杂交、容易改良遗传性、容易无性繁殖等特点，因而成为我国人工林主要造林树种之一^[1]。

自20世纪60年代以来，我国选育出许多速生丰产的优良品种和无性系，营林面积600多万hm²，占世界总量的94．3％，超过世界其它国家杨树人工林面积总和^[2]。杨树在我国得到了很好的利用：增加了我国的绿地面积，并有效的防治了荒坡地的水土流失，发挥了重要的生态效益；杨树木材被广泛应用于建筑、家具、胶合板、造纸及人造纤维制造中，为我国社会发展带来了不可估量的经济效益。然而，长期以来人们只注重了如何利用杨树木材，却忽略了杨树生产过程中产生的树皮。据有关研究，杨树皮废料约占原木量的11.8%^[3]，足见其开发利用潜力的巨大。研究如何最大效益的利用杨树皮废料，正是响应了“绿色、低碳”的发展模式。

对于杨树的选育、营林和加工利用研究，各国学者都很重视。我国在杨树选育和营林方面做了大量的工作，取得了可喜的成绩。据不完全统计，近几十年选育出来的速生、丰产、优良的杨树品种和无性系多达几十个。目前世界和中国杨树人工林70％以上使用黑杨派树种，即欧美杨和美洲黑杨的树种。

国内尚未见杨树皮腐熟做堆肥的系统报道，因而研究杨树皮腐熟的最佳方式及其腐熟度评价指标已成为杨树皮堆肥生产中需要解决的关键性问题。本实验旨在研究杨树皮堆肥腐熟过程中温度、湿度、pH、电导率（EC）、种子发芽指数（GI）的变化，为指导堆肥化生产提供依据。