摘 要

本试验以南京椴种子为材料，测定不同贮藏温度条件下南京椴种子生理生化指标的变化，对种子贮藏原理和特性进行总结，分析评价贮藏效果并提出南京椴种子贮藏的最佳环境条件，主要结果如下：1、在南京椴种子贮藏过程中，各贮藏温度下的种子发芽率都有所下降，其中，室温下贮藏的南京椴种子发芽率下降速度最快，4℃居中，-5℃和-40℃最慢且差异不显著；贮藏结束时，种子发芽率依次为：43%、49%、60%、62%，表明-5℃和-40℃条件下贮藏对种子伤害最小，最利于种子贮藏。

2、种子的相对电导率随着贮藏时间的延长呈上升趋势，贮藏温度越低，上升趋势越平缓。贮藏后期，室温条件下的相对电导率最高，4℃居中，-5℃和-40℃的最低，这表明，-5℃和-40℃的贮藏温度条件最有利于种子的贮藏。

3、随着贮藏时间的延长，各贮藏温度下的南京椴种子中丙二醛(MDA)和O₂^-·含量均逐渐增加，贮藏过后，室温条件下MDA和O₂^-·含量最多、-5℃和-40℃含量最低，因此，-5℃和-40℃的贮藏温度条件最利于种子贮藏。

4、综合分析，南京椴种子适合低温（0℃以下）贮藏，-5℃和-40℃贮藏效果相当，此时膜脂过氧化作用最弱，膜系统损伤最小，有毒物质积累最少，能够有效地抑制种子衰老，延长种子寿命，但鉴于生产实践的需求，-5℃的贮藏条件比-40℃容易获得，能耗少，经济方便，因此-5℃更适用于南京椴种子的贮藏。

关键词：南京椴种子；贮藏温度；生理生化特性

Studies on characteristics of seed storage of Tilia miqueliana

ABSTRACT

The Nanjing linden seeds is as materials in this experiment. Determination of changes of seed physiological and biochemical indicators in Nanjing linden under different storage temperature conditions, and the principle and characteristics of seed storage were summarized, and then it analyzes and evaluates the storage effect and puts forward the best way of Nanjing linden seed storage, the main results are as follows:

1、During the storage of Nanjing linden seeds, all seed germination rate under different storage temperature conditions declined, but the Nanjing linden seeds germination rate under the room temperature storage decreased the fastest, and that of 4℃ is in the middle, -5 and -40℃is the slowest and had no significant difference. At the end of storage, seed germination rate according to the times is: 43%, 49%, 60%, 62%, which suggests that the -5℃and - 40℃ is the most suitable for seed storage because of the minimum damage on seed.

2、The relative electrical conductivity of seed increased as the storage time , the lower the storage temperature, the more gently rising trend. At the late stage of storage, the relative electric conductivity under the room temperature conditions is the highest, and that of 4 ℃ is in the middle, -5 and -40℃ is minimum, which suggests that -5 and -40℃storage temperature conditions is most conducive to seed storage.

3、With the extension of storage time, the content of O₂^-· and MDA in the storage temperature of Nanjing linden seeds increased gradually, after the storage, the content of MDA and O₂^-·under the conditions of room temperature is the most, and that of -5℃ and -40℃ is minimum, therefore, -5℃and -40℃storage temperature conditions is most conducive to seed storage.

4、It can be concluded from comprehensive analysis that Nanjing linden seeds is suitable for low temperature (below 0 ℃) storage. The storage effect of -5 ℃ and - 40℃ is similar, under the temperature conditions of -5℃and -40℃ , membrane lipid peroxidation is the weakest, but membrane system damage and accumulation of toxic substances are minimum, which can effectively inhibit seed aging and prolong the service life of the seed, but in view of the needs of production practice, the storage conditions of -5 ℃ is more easy to obtain than -40 ℃ and has less energy consumption, besides, it is economical and convenient, so -5 ℃storage temperature conditions is more applicable to the storage of Nanjing linden seeds.

Keywords:Nanjing Lingden seed; Storage temperature; Physiological and biochemical characteristics

目 录

前言 1

1.文献综述 2

1.1种子贮藏的研究进展 2

1.1.1 种子贮藏原理 2

1.1.2种子贮藏特性 3

1.2南京椴的生物学特性 4

1.3南京椴自然群落分布状况 4

1.4南京椴休眠机理的研究 4

2.试验材料与方法 6

2.1试验材料 6

2.2试验场地 6

2.3试验设计 6

2.4试验方法 6

2.4.1样品采集与贮存 6

2.4.2检测指标 6

2.4.3检测方法 6

2.5试验数据处理 8

3.结果与分析 9

3.1南京椴种子贮藏期间种子发芽率变化 9

3.2南京椴种子贮藏期间相对电导率变化 9

3.3南京椴种子贮藏期间丙二醛含量变化 10

3.4南京椴种子贮藏期间超氧阴离子自由基含量变化 11

4.讨论 13

4.1温度对种子贮藏的影响 13

4.2种子贮藏期间发芽率和相对电导率的变化 13

4.3种子贮藏期间有毒物质的变化 13

5.结论 14

致谢 15

参考文献 16

前 言

南京椴（Tilia miqueliana）属椴树科（Tiliaceae）椴树属（Tilia L.）落叶乔木，又名密克椴、白椴，是我国特有椴树树种之一，主要分布在我国华东地区，曾经大量生长在我国江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、河南、上海等地，但因现在国内栽培较少，导致其片林也很少。

椴树以其树叶美丽，树姿清幽，夏日黄花满树，芳香馥郁，可作为庭荫树、行道树^[1]，而南京椴也被列为世界四大行道树之一。南京椴利用价值广泛，其材质优良，木材可做农具、家具等；树皮纤维出麻率高达39.6%，可制人造棉，也是优良的造纸原料^[2]；其叶可制茶，而其花也是酿造高级蜂蜜的优良蜜源和中药材。