摘 要

本文主要阐述了对南京市栖霞区古树名木调研的过程和结果。本次调查是由调查小队采取逐一调查的方法，对于栖霞区内48棵登记建档的古树名木的生长状况，生活环境，树势强弱，树高，胸径，冠幅，GPS定位等内容进行逐一调查登记，并且对于在调查过程中所见的古树名木的保护措施进行阐述。调查结果以表格的形式呈现，包含了编号，树种，地点，生长状况等信息。栖霞区在古树名木保护上对于生长在路边的古树名木大多都设立围栏保护并且对于树洞修补比较及时，古树名目的建档信息也比较完整。此次调查中也发现栖霞区古树名木现在的复壮措施和保护措施上存在一些管理不当的现象，如病害没有进行及时治理、树木过高有遭雷击风险，树池过小导致后期古树名木生长营养不足、某些树体被藤蔓缠绕等。由于这些管理不当现象的存在，对古树名木的保护和寿命的延长形成了潜在的不利影响，本文也对这些现象进行了分析，并提出了对古树名木保护管理上的一些改进方法，如定时更换树池内的土壤、为高大古树名木增设避雷针、清除古树名木上的藤蔓植物等，这样有利于保护珍贵古树名木资源，延长古树名木寿命。

关键词：古树名木；生长状况；保护措施；问题与改进建议

The Investigation and Analyzation about the Protection of the Ancient and Famous Trees in Nanjing Qixia District

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the process and results of the research to the ancient and famous trees in Qixia District, Nanjing were mainly elaborated. The survey was conducted by the investigation team to register the growth status, living environment, the strength of growth, the height of the tree, DBH, the crown width, GPS positioning and other indicators of the 48 registered ancient trees in this district one by one. Then the measures to protect them were discussed. The results of the survey were presented in the form of tables including the serial number of the trees, their species, location and growth status. Qixia District in the protection of ancient and famous trees have many advantages. On the roadside, the ancient and famous trees are mostly set up fence protection and tree hole repair more timely, and their name file information is relatively complete. In the investigation, some management problems existing in the rejuvenation and protection measures to the ancient and famous trees in Qixia were also found, such as the disease is not timely treatment, the trees are too high by the risk of lightning, tree pool is too small lead to the late growth of the trees lack of nutrition, some trees were vines winding and so on. Due to the existence of these problems, the job to protect and extend the lives of these trees were negatively and potentially influenced. In this paper, this phenomena was also analyzed, and some improved methods on management to the protection of the ancient and famous trees were put forward after careful thinking, such as regular replacement of the soil within the tree pool, for the tall trees to add lightning rod, remove the vine plants on the ancient and famous trees, which is conducive to the protection of precious tree resources and is helpful to extend the lives of them.

Key words：the ancient and famous trees；growth status；the protection of the ancient and famous trees；problems and advice

目 录

1 文献综述………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1古树名木的衰弱诊断………………………………………………………………1

1.2 古树名木的保护措施…………………………………………………………………………1

1.2.1优化生长环境……………………………………………………………………1

1.2.2树名木后备资源的培育………………………………………………………………2

1.2.3加大经费投入和管理力度…………………………………………………………2

1.2.4 普查建档及构建区域保护模式……………………………………………………………2

1.3古树名木的复壮措施………………………………………………………………………………2

1.3.1地下与地上防治措施…………………………………………………………………………2

1.3.2 病虫害防治 …………………………………………………………………………………3

1.4 古树名木的修复及支撑技术……………………………………………………………………3

1.4.1 树干修复技术………………………………………………………………………………3

1.4.2 树体支撑技术………………………………………………………………………………4

2古树名木资源调查……………………………………………………………………………………5

2.1概况………………………………………………………………………………………………5

2.2调查内容和范围……………………………………………………………………………………6

2.3调查方法……………………………………………………………………………………………6

3 调查结果与分析…………………………………………………………………………………………7

3.1调查结果……………………………………………………………………………………………7

3.2结果分析……………………………………………………………………………………………10

4 古树名木管理措施、存在问题及建议…………………………………………………………………12

4.1 古树名木管理措施………………………………………………………………………………12

4.2 问题分析与建议…………………………………………………………………………………12

结论…………………………………………………………………………………………………………15

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………………………16

参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………………………17

1 文献综述

古树一般是指树龄在100年以上的树木，名木是稀有、名贵或具有历史价值和纪念意义的树木。古树分为国家一、二、三级。古树名木是风景旅游资源的重要组成部分，也是城市的珍贵遗产，对于绿化树种规划选择具有很大的参考价值。古树名木具有特殊的价值，如生态价值、经济价值、景观价值、历史价值、科研价值、开发价值、旅游价值等。可通过古树名木的生长状况和古树名木的树种判断当地气候、土壤条件等。古树不仅具有一般树木所具有的生态价值，而且是研究当地自然历史变迁的重要植物材料，可了解本地区植被变迁，为城市规划开发提供参考。任何树木都要经历生长、发育、衰老、死亡的过程。如果采取适当延缓古树名木衰老过程的技术，并且促使其更新复壮，延长生命期是完全可能的。树木由衰老到死亡主要受自身遗传因素决定，还受环境条件以及人为活动因素的影响。

1.1 古树名木的衰弱诊断

古树衰弱因素复杂，并且有复合叠加的特点，主要有自然灾害的发生、气候变化、生物竞争及危害和病虫害等。

由于古树树龄较大，衰老现象明显，树体高大，抗病虫害能力低，抗风雨侵蚀能力弱，这是其衰败的内因。人为活动引起土壤板结，工程建设的影响，各种污染的影响，地下水位的升降和管理不当等是造成古树名木树势衰弱的外因。