摘 要

本文以108个观赏海棠的品种1年生嫁接苗为研究材料，通过对其苗高、地径年生长动态进行测定，利用Logistic方程对苗高和地径生长过程进行拟合，探究不同海棠品种的生长节律。同时，选取生长速度差异较大的6个品种进行光合和荧光指标测定，探究不同生长速度海棠品种生长与光合生理之间的关系，研究目的旨在为观赏海棠新品种的生产实践及应用推广提供一定的理论基础。结果表明：（1）108个观赏海棠的苗高和地径生长均呈现出慢-快-慢的“的“型生长节律，采用Logistic方程，进行生长节律拟合（R²≥程，进行），基于二阶导数求导，确定速生期的起止点，由此将年生长过程划分为生长前期、速生期和生长后期3个时期。（2）不同观赏海棠种质的速生期呈现出明显差异。苗高的速生起始点范围为4月10日（‘紫宝石’）至6月11日（‘芭蕾红’），速生期结束点的范围为6月14日（‘西红玉’）至9月6日（‘马凯米克’），速生期持续时间范围为51～116 d，而速生期生长量占总生长量的比率范围为50.18％～68.46％。观赏海棠种质群体地径的速生始期范围为3月29（‘阿迪荣’）日至5月10日（‘李斯特’），速生结束期的范围为6月24日（‘兰斯洛特’）至9月12日（‘画轴’），速生期持续时间为71～147 d，而速生期生长量占总生长量的比率范围为51.40％～68.33％。苗高地径与速生期生长量的相关性最高（Rgt;0.89），因此可看出速生期生长量能够决定苗高和地径当年的总生长量。（3）6个海棠品种的净光合速率（P_n）的日变化规律中，仅‘皇家’为“双峰型”，表现出“光合午休”现象。其它5个海棠品种P_n日变化均呈“单峰型”，没有出现明显的“光合午休”现象。6个品种P_n,max的大小顺序为：‘白兰地’兰地红衣教主’衣教紫王子’王子高原玫瑰’原玫红珠宝’珠宝皇家’。（4）通过苗高地径与光合指标指标的相关性可以看出，不同海棠品种的苗高和地径生长量与光合指标存在一定的相关性，其中P_n,max与△H、△D分别呈极显著正相关和显著正相关，说明P_n,max与苗高和地径的生长密切相关。

关键词：观赏海棠；生长节律；光合特性；生长量

Studies on the growth rhythm and photosynthetic characteristics of ornamental crabapple

ABSTRACT

In this paper, using 108 varieties of ornamental crabapple 1 years grafted seedlings as the research materials, by testing the increment of height and diameter growth, and they were used the Logistic equation as the fitting method, to explore different growth rhythm of crabapple varieties. At the same time, selecting 6 varieties of crabapple which is totally different in growth rate to do determination of photosynthesis and fluorescence index, to explore the relationship between different growth rate and physiological and photosynthesis of different varieties crabapple, the purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical basis for new varieties of ornamental crabapple production and application. The results showed that: (1) 108 varieties crabapple height and diameter growth showed a slow fast slow "S" type of growth rhythm, using the Logistic equation, the growth rhythm of fitting (R² = 0.97), derivation based on two order derivative, provide that the fast-growing period of starting and ending point, which will the annual growth process is divided into growth period, rapid growth period and late growth period. (2) The rapid growth period of different ornamental crabapple varieties shows difference obviously. The height of fast-growing starting point ranged from April 10th (M. 'Purple Gems') to June 11th (M. 'Ballet Red'), and the end of June 14th for the fast-growing period (M. ‘West ruby’) to September 6th (M. 'Makamik'), the fast-growing period duration ranged from 51 to 116 D, the fast-growing long period accounted for the total amount of growth rate ranged from 50.18% to 68.46%. The diameter of ornamental crabapple of fast-growing period ranged from March 29 (M. 'Addirondack') to May 10th (M. 'Liset'), the end of the fast-growing ranged from June 24th (M. 'Lancelot') to September 12th (M.‘Scroll’), the fast-growing period duration is 71 ~ 147 D, while the speed growth period of growth accounted for the total amount of growth rate ranged from 51.40% to 68.33%. The correlation between seedling height and growth rate was the highest (Rgt;0.89), so the amount of growth in fast-growing period could determine the total growth of the annual height and diameter. (3) The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of 6 species of crabapple was only M. ‘Royal’ as double-peak curve, which showed the phenomenon of midday depression. The diurnal variation of Pn in 5 other crabapple varieties showed a "single peak" pattern, and there was no obvious "midday depression" phenomenon. The order of the 6 varieties Pn and Max is M. ' brandy 'gt;M. 'Cardinal'gt;M. ' Purple Prince 'gt;M. 'Praire Rose'gt;M. ' Red jewel 'gt;M. ' Royal'. (4) By analysing the relationship between the height and diameter and the photosynthetic characteristics. It shows that different varieties of crabapple height and diameter increase and photosynthetic characteristics has certain relevance, including Pn, Max and H, D were highly positive correlation, indicating that Pn, Max and the height and diameter is closely related to the growth of seedlings.

Keywords: Ornamental crabapple; growth rhythm; photosynthetic characteristics; growth rate

目 录

1 前言

1.1 概述