摘 要

分析江苏沿海地区耐盐树种种质资源圃土壤含盐量、电导率、pH、有机质、全氮、铵态氮、有效磷、有效钾的分布规律，同时研究氮素与含盐量之间的相关性。运用五点采样法，采集了10个样点，每个样点采集0～10 cm和10～20 cm的土样，通过测定和分析土壤样品，得出以下结论：

（1）1、2、6、8、9、10样点0～10 cm土层含盐量高于10～20 cm土层；3、4、7样点0～10 cm土层含盐量低于10～20 cm土层。

（2）1、2、4、8、9样点0～10 cm土层电导率高于10～20 cm土层，3、5、6、7、10样点0～10 cm土层电导率低于10～20 cm土层。

（3）1、2、3、4、5、7、8、9、10样点10～20 cm土层pH值高于0～10 cm土层，6样点0～10 cm土层pH值高于10～20 cm土层。

（4）土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮含量均随着土壤深度的增加呈下降趋势。

（5）1、2、3、4、9、10样点0～10 cm土壤速效磷含量低于10～20 cm，5、6、7、8样点0～10 cm土壤速效磷含量高于10～20 cm。

（6）1、2、3、4、9、10样点0～10 cm土壤速效钾含量低于10～20 cm，5、6、7、8样点0～10 cm土壤速效钾含量高于10～20 cm。

（7）土壤全氮含量与土壤含盐量相关系数R²=0.082，土壤铵态氮含量与土壤含盐量相关性系数R²=0.074，所以土壤全氮、铵态氮含量与土壤含盐量无显著相关性。

关键词：土壤含盐量；氮素；分布规律

Distribution of Soil Salinity and Nitrogen in Salt Tolerant Tree Germplasm Resource in Coastal Area of Jiangsu Province

Abstract

To analyze the distribution of soil salinity, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the salt-tolerant tree species germplasm resource in coastal areas of Jiangsu Province, and to study the relationship between nitrogen and salt content. Correlation. Using the five-point sampling method, 10 sampling points were collected. Soil samples of 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm were collected for each sample. Through the determination and analysis of soil samples, the following conclusions were obtained:

(1) The salt content of 0～10 cm soil layer at 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10 samples is higher than that of 10～20 cm soil layer; the salt content of soil sample at 0, 10 and 10 cm of 3, 4 and 7 samples. Below 10-20 cm soil layer.

(2) Conductivity of 0 to 10 cm soil layer at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 samples is higher than that of 10 to 20 cm soil layer, and 0 to 10 cm soil conductivity at 3, 5, 6, 7 and 10 samples. Below 10-20 cm soil layer.

(3)1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10 points 10-20 cm soil pH value is higher than 0-10 cm soil layer, 6 sample 0-10 cm soil pH value Above 10-20 cm soil layer.

(4) The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen all decreased with the increase of soil depth.

(5) The available phosphorus content in soils of 0 to 10 cm in 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, and 10 samples is lower than 10 to 20 cm, and the available phosphorus content in soils of 0 to 10 cm in 5, 6, 7 and 8 samples is higher than 10 to 20 cm.

(6) The available potassium content in soil samples from 0 to 10 cm in 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 samples is less than 10-20 cm, and the available potassium content in soil samples from 0, 10, and 8 cm in samples 5, 6, 7, and 8 is higher than that in samples. 10 to 20 cm.

(7) The correlation coefficient between soil total nitrogen content and soil salinity R2 = 0.082, the correlation coefficient between soil ammonium content and soil salinity R2 = 0.074, so soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen content and soil salinity Significant correlation.

Key words: soil salt content; nitrogen; distribution

目 录

1 前 言 5

2 材料与方法 8

2.1研究区概况 8

2.2研究内容 8

2.3研究方法 8

2.3.1样品采集与处理 8

2.3.2土壤理化性质的测定 9

2.4数据计算与统计分析 10

3 结果与分析 11

3.1 土壤含盐量及电导率变化规律 11

3.2 土壤pH变化规律 12

3.3 土壤有机质 13

3.4 土壤有效磷及速效钾变化规律 14

3.5 土壤全氮、铵态氮及其与盐分含量的关系 15

4 总结 18

致 谢 19

参考文献 20

1 前 言

随着人口增长及经济社会的发展，人类对土地的需求越来越高，合理开发利用沿海地区盐渍土逐渐受人关注。沿海地区地势低平、沟渠纵横，排水力度不足，在强烈阳光下蒸发，海水的盐分不断积累在地表土壤中，土壤条件逐渐恶化。这种可溶性盐分过多而造成的不良影响称之为盐害，而某些植物在生长发育过程中对盐分产生了适应性，其适应能力称为耐盐性，这些植物也被叫作盐生植物^[1]。那么如何有效地利用盐分含量较高的滨海土壤是目前我们所面临的亟待解决的关键问题之一，而滨海土壤盐分与氮素之间的分布特征研究，为我们合理利用滨海盐渍土提供了技术支撑。

江苏沿海滩涂分布相对集中，为耐盐物种的开发研究和新技术的推广带来了便利。开发利用沿海滩涂资源不与常规农业争良田，不与传统农业争淡水，社会、经济、环境效益明显^[2]。