摘 要

林木种质资源作为林业生产力发展的基础性资源和国家战略资源，一直受到世界各发达国家的高度重视，林木种质资源的调查、保护与利用更是关系到森林质量与林业生产力的发展与提高，关乎国家林业战略目标的实现。

栖霞山坐落于南京市主城北部、栖霞区中北部，属茅山北支。山体自南而北由三条山岭组成，总面积约为1019公顷，是南京知名的秋日赏枫圣地。建国初期始对山体原有林进行了抚育管理工作，经过多年植树造林、苗木培育和矿区改造形成了如今栖霞丹枫漫山岗的奇景。本次研究在导师的带领和指导下，按照10样方/万亩随机布设样方对栖霞山部分地区进行了种质资源调查统计，通过树木种质资源种群年龄结构来对种质资源遗传状况和发育阶段进行评价分析，对如何加强林木种质资源开发和利用提出建议。调查结果如下：

1. 本次调查就涉及52科，87属，108种。其中裸子植物有3科、4属、4种，被子植物49科、83属、104种；
2. 栖霞山地区古老植物种类丰富，地理成分复杂，北温带分布区和泛热带分布区类型特征明显；
3. 具有明显由北亚热带向中亚热带明显的过渡性特征，壳斗科苦槠和茜草科水冬瓜分布北缘包含在本区系内；
4. 中国特有成分在栖霞山区系中分布少；
5. 就栖霞山种质资源保护与开发利用提出建议。

关键词：栖霞山，原生林木种质资源，调查，开发利用

Survey of germplasm resources of primary forest trees in Qixia Mountain in Nanjing

Abstract

Native forest germplasm resources, as the fundamental and national strategic resources for the development of forestry, have been highly valued by every developed country around the world. The survey, protection and utilization of the native forest germplasm resources concern the development and improvement of the quality of forests and forestry productivity. What’s more, it also concerns the realization of national forestry strategic goals.

Qixia Mountaion, which belongs to the north branch of Maoshan, is located in north part of the main city in Nanjing, in north-central of Qixia district.The mountain is composed of three mountains from south to north, the total area of which is about 1019 hectares. It is also a famous place to appreciate maples in the autumn in Nanjing. The maintenance and management of the mountain's original forest has been carried out since the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. After many years of afforestation, seedling cultivation and mining area transformation, the red maples spread all over the Qixia mountain now form a unique landscape.

This survey is under the guidance und instruction of the mentor. The germplasm resources of some areas of Qixia mountain have been investigated and counted in accordance with 10 samples / 10,000 mu (a unit of area) of random layout.

The genetic status and developmental stages of germplasm resources have been evaluated and analyzed by the population age structure of germplasm resources. Thus the proposal could be put forward to strengthen the development and utilization of forest germplasm resources.The results are as followed:

1. This survey involves 52 families, 87 categories, 108 species, including gymnosperms of 3 families, 4 categories, 4 species and angiosperms of 49 families, 83 categories, 104 species.
2. There are many kinds of old plants in Qixia district, which has complex geographical composition. This district shows obvious features of north temperate and pan-tropical zone.
3. It has obvious character which shows the transition from the northern subtropics to the central subtropics. North edge of distribution of Castanopsis and Rubiaceae watermelons is included in this district systems.
4. Chinese characteristic components are rarely distributed in Qixia mountain systems.
5. This survey provides suggestions on the protection, exploitation and utilization of germplasm resources in qixia mountain.

Keywords: Qixia Mountain, native forest germplasm resources, survey, development and utilization

目 录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

1 绪论………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1调查背景、目的及意义……………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1调查背景………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.2调查目的及意义…………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2国内外同类研究概况………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2.1国内外种质资源收集保存现状…………………………………………………………2

1.2.2林木种质资源保存方法研究…………………………………………………………………2

2 自然条件………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4

2.1地形地貌………………………………………………………………………………………………4

2.2气候条件……………………………………………………………………………………………………4

2.3人文条件……………………………………………………………………………………………………4

3 材料与方法…………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

3.1调查内容…………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

3.1.1主栽树种或品种调查………………………………………………………………………5

3.1.2野生树种、珍稀濒危树种及古树名木调查………………………………………5

3.2调查方法……………………………………………………………………………………5

4 栖霞山林木种质资源现状………………………………………………………………………………6

4.1种质资源基本情况…………………………………………………………………………………………6

4.1.1种质资源地区分布……………………………………………………………………………6

4.1.2种质资源优势分类……………………………………………………………………………18

4.1.3种质资源类型分类……………………………………………………………………………19

4.2调查结果总结…………………………………………………………………………………………21