摘 要

金佛山方竹（Chimonobambusa utilis）是我国特有优质笋用竹种，具有较高的开发利用价值。干旱是影响金佛山方竹生长发育的主要环境限制因素之一。因此，利用不同处理方法提高金佛山方竹抗旱性的研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以两年生金佛山方竹实生苗为研究材料，在自然干旱胁迫条件下，研究不同浓度的氯化钙（1 g/L、2 g/L、4 g/L）叶面喷施预处理对竹苗生长及生理的影响，以探究提高金佛山方竹抗旱性的方法。主要结论如下：

（1）经历20 d的干旱胁迫后，胁迫（对照）组长势明显变差，表现为叶片发黄甚至出现黑斑、笋芽萌发减少、新分蘖的竹秆生长缓慢。与对照相比，氯化钙预处理则不同程度的缓解了干旱胁迫对竹苗生长的影响。各处理组竹苗的苗高、地径、叶片数、叶片相对含水量均有不同程度的增加。干旱胁迫提高了胁迫组竹苗的根冠比，而喷施外源物质处理使根冠比进一步提高。

（2）随着胁迫的加深，各氯化钙处理组竹苗叶片SOD和POD活性均呈上升趋势，而对照组在MDA持续上升的情况下，SOD和POD活性表现为先上升后下降。说明适当浓度的氯化钙预处理可以促进干旱胁迫下的金佛山方竹进一步提高抗氧化酶活性，尽快清除因胁迫伤害而过度积累的活性氧。氯化钙预处理的竹苗，其生长刺激型激素与生长抑制型激素的比值在胁迫初期显著高于对照组，而可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量有所降低，说明氯化钙预处理对干旱导致的生理影响有缓解作用。

（3）根据各指标之间的相关性分析和主成分分析，17个用于评价金佛山方竹抗旱性影响的指标被4个主成分代替，其代表程度达到89.55%。通过隶属函数和综合评价的进一步分析得出，各浓度氯化钙预处理对金佛山方竹抗旱性影响效果的排名依次为：2 g/L氯化钙，4 g/L氯化钙和1 g/L氯化钙。其中，2 g/L氯化钙处理在提升抗氧化酶方面效果更加显著，并可以更高效的协调内源激素平衡性。

关键词：金佛山方竹；抗旱性；氯化钙；生理指标

Physiological effects of calcium chloride on Chimonobambusa utilis under drought stress

Abstract

Chimonobambusa utilis is unique to bamboo shoots of high quality and has high development value. Drought is one of the main environmental limiting factors affecting the growth and development of Chimonobambusa utilis. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the drought resistance of Chimonobambusa utilis by different treatment methods. In this paper, two years of gold Foshan square bamboo solid seedlings as research materials, under natural drought stress conditions, To study the effects of leaf spray pretreatment of different concentrations of calcium chloride(1 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L) on the growth and physiology of bamboo seedlings, in order to explore ways to increase the drought resistance of Chimonobambusa utilis. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) After the drought stress of 20 days, the growth potential of the stress(control) group deteriorated significantly, and it was realized that the leaves were yellow and even dark spots appeared, the germination of the bamboo shoots decreased, and the growth of the bamboo stalks of the new tillers was slow. Compared with the control, calcium chloride pretreatment relieved the effects of drought stress on the growth of bamboo seedlings. The seedling height, diameter, number of leaves and relative water content of bamboo seedlings in each treatment group all increased to different degrees. The root crown ratio of bamboo seedlings in stress group was increased by drought stress, while the root crown ratio was further improved by external material treatment.
(2) With the deepening of stress, the SOD and POD activities of bamboo seedlings in each calcium chloride treatment group showed an upward trend. In the control group, the SOD and POD activities increased first and then decreased after the MDA continued increase. The results show that calcium chloride pretreatment at appropriate concentration can promote the growth of antioxidant enzyme activity and remove the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen as soon as possible. In bamboo seedlings pretreated with calcium chloride, the ratio of growth stimulating hormone to growth inhibiting hormone was significantly higher than that of the control group at the initial stage of stress, while the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline decreased, indicating that calcium chloride pretreatment had the effect of mitigating the physiological effects caused by drought.
(3) According to the correlation analysis and principal component analysis between the various indicators, 17 indicators used to evaluate the drought-resistant effects of Fangzhu in Jinfoshan were replaced by 4 principal components, and their representation reached 89.55 %. Further analysis of the membership function and comprehensive evaluation shows that the effects of calcium chloride pretreatment on drought resistance of Chimonobambusa utilis are: 2 g/L calcium chloride, 4 g/L calcium chloride and 1 g/L calcium chloride. Among them, 2 g/L calcium chloride treatment has a more significant effect in improving anti-oxidase and can more efficiently coordinate the balance of endogenous hormones.
Key words: Chimonobambusa utilis; Drought resistance; Calcium chloride; Physiological indicators

目录

1 前言 1

1.1 金佛山方竹的研究进展 1

1.1.1 金佛山方竹生物学特性 1

1.1.2 金佛山方竹育苗技术 1

1.2 干旱胁迫的研究进展 1

1.2.1干旱胁迫对植物生长的影响 1

1.2.2干旱对植物生理的影响 2

1.3 Ca² 的研究进展 2

1.3.1 Ca² 对植物生长发育的影响 3