徐州铜山圣人窝生态公益林群落物种多样性的空间变异特征毕业论文

 2021-04-21 09:04

摘 要

本研究采取野外实地调查为主,历史资料查询为辅的方法,在收集资料的基础上采取点面结合的方法,设置样线及样地,针对圣人窝的植物种类、数量和群落组成以及物种多样性情况进行调查与分析,以便对圣人窝植物资源利用和物种多样性保护等方面提出合理建议。研究结果如下:

1. 江苏徐州圣人窝生态公益林区共有维管植物86科205属275种,其中蕨类植物3科3属4种,裸子植物5科8属10种,被子植物78科194属261种(其中双子叶植物纲73科176属234种,单子叶植物纲5科18属27种)。

2. 该地区的优势科主要以菊科、蔷薇科、十字花科、禾本科、豆科等为主,优势属以野豌豆属、婆婆纳属、卫矛属、女贞属、藜属、大戟属等为主,优势类群以草本科为主要成分。

3. 江苏徐州圣人窝生态公益林现阶段植被类型以热带、亚热带成分为主,温带成分为辅。

4. 圣人窝生态公益林区木本乡土植物资源偏薄弱,主要以垂柳(Salix babylonica)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、加杨(Populus × canadensis)、楝(Melia azedarach)、泡桐(Paulownia duclouxii)、桑(Morus alba)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)、野蔷薇(Rosa multiflora)等为主。草本资源表现相对丰富,在调查区域内共有乡土草本植物25科90属125种。

5. 在4个以不同优势种为主的典型植物群落中,达到显著差异的仅有物种丰富度指数,而Shannon指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数则低于显著差异水平。其中物种丰富度最高的是侧柏群落,其次为杨树群落,而榆树群落与构树群落的物种丰富度较低。

关键词:圣人窝;生态公益林;优势科;植被;物种丰富度

Plant Community Spatial Variation Characteristics of Species Diversity in Shengrenwo, Xuzhou

ABSTRACT

This study takes the field survey as the main method and the historical data query as the supplement. On the basis of data collection, the method of point-to-face combination is used to set up sample lines and plots, and to investigate and analyze the plant species, quantity, community composition and species diversity of the saint nest, so as to utilize the resources of the saint nest plant resources in order to make reasonable suggestions on the utilization of plant resources and the conservation of species diversity in Shengrenwo. The research results are as follows:

1. There are 275 species of 205 genera in 86 families of vascular plants in the ecological community of Shenrenwo, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, including 3 species, 3 genera and 4 species of ferns, 5 families, 8 genera and 10 species of gymnosperms, and 261 species of 194 genera and 78 families of angiosperms. Among them, there are 234 species of 176 genera in 73 families of dicotyledonous plants, and 27 species of 18 genera and 5 families of monocotyledonous plants.

2. The dominant families in this area are mainly Compositae, Rosaceae, Cruciferae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, etc. The dominant genera are Vicia, Veronica, Euonymus, Ligustrum, Chenopodium and Euphorbia. The flora of this area is mainly composed of herbaceous families.

3. The vegetation types of Shengrenwo are mainly tropical and subtropical, supplemented by temperate components.

4. Shenrenwo area is weak in woody native plant resources, mainly including Salix babylonica, Broussonetia papyrifera, Populus × canadensis, Melia azedarach, Paulownia duclouxii, Morus alba, Ulmus pumila, and Rosa multiflora. Herb resources are relatively abundant, and there are 125 species of 90 genera and 25 families of native herbaceous plants in the survey area.

5. Among the four typical plant communities with different dominant species, only the species richness was significantly different, and the Shannon index, Pielou index and Simpson index were not significant. The species richness of Platycladus orientalis community was the highest, followed by poplar community, while the species richness of eucalyptus community and mulberry community was low.

Key words: Shengrenwo; ecological public welfare forest; dominant family; egetation;species richness

目 录

1. 绪论 1

1.1 相关概念 1

1.2 国内外研究概况 1

1.3 研究目的及意义 3

2 研究区域概况 4

2.1 地貌 4

2.3 水文 4

2.2 气候 4

2.4 土壤 4

3. 研究内容与方法 5

3.1 植物资源调查 5

3.2 植被调查分析 5

3.3 数据处理 5

3.3.1 重要值 5

3.3.2 物种多样性测度 5

4. 结果与分析 7

4.1 种类组成特点 7

4.1.1 种类组成 7

4.1.2 优势科属分析 8

4.2 植物资源分析 9

4.2.1 乡土植物资源 9

4.2.2 保护植物 11

4.2.3 入侵植物 12

4.3 植被类型与分布 14

4.3.1 植被类型划分 14

4.3.2 植被类型特征与分布 14

4.4 多样性分析 16

4.4.1 生活型分析 16

4.4.2 种群年龄结构 17

4.4.3 不同群落类型的多样性指数比较 18

4.4.4 不同森林群落类型的结构多样性 19

4.4.5 森林群落物种、功能、结构多样性之间的关系 20

5. 结论与讨论 22

5.1 结论 22

5.2 讨论 22

参考文献 25

附录: 江苏徐州圣人窝生态公益林植物名录 27

1. 绪论

1.1 相关概念

1. 生态公益林:以提高人类的生活质量为主要任务,保护自然生态环境以及生物多样性,构建自然景观的森林类型[1]

2. 物种多样性:是生物多样性在物种水平上的表现形式,一般是指一定区域内物种的总和与生态学方面物种分布的均匀程度。本文主要涉及的物种多样性主要指群落组织水平上的物种多样性[2]。至今,群落物种多样性测度包括群落内多样性、群落间多样性和结构多样性三类[3~6]。通常情况下,在测度时,一般使用群落内多样性与群落间多样性。

1.2 国内外研究概况

1.2.1 国外研究概况

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