摘 要

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的地衣芽胞杆菌发酵银杏叶对AA肉鸡的脂类代谢和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响。选用1日龄（1 d）健康、体重相近的AA肉仔鸡180只（Pgt;0.05），按单因子完全随机设计分为3个处理，每个处理60只（含6个重复，每个重复10只鸡）。分别为基础日粮对照组（Cont.组）、0.3%地衣芽胞杆菌发酵银杏叶添加组和0.6%地衣芽胞杆菌发酵银杏叶添加组。结果表明：与对照组相比，0.3%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物组与0.6%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物组的TC和LDL-C含量显著降低（Plt;0.05）。0.6%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物组的腹脂沉积量也比对照组和0.3%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物组有显著降低（Pgt;0.05），而0.3%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物组的HDL-C水平较对照组有显著提高（Plt;0.05）。就胸肌脂肪酸组成而言，0.3%和0.6%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物添加组的C16:0的含量显著降低（Plt;0.05），且0.6%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物添加组的C18:0含量也呈显著降低的趋势（Plt;0.05）；与对照组相比较，0.3%和0.6%地衣芽孢杆菌银杏叶发酵物添加组的胸肌总多不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著增加（Plt;0.05），主要包括，C18:2、C18:3和C20:4。结论：银杏叶发酵物作为饲料添加剂可以改善AA肉鸡的脂类代谢，降低腹脂沉积，并能显著降低胸肌饱和脂肪酸的含量，而增加不饱和脂肪酸的含量。

关键词：地衣芽胞杆菌银杏叶发酵物；脂肪沉积；脂肪酸；AA肉鸡

Effect of Bnfillus licheniformis fermented ginkgo leaves on lipid metabolism of broilers

Abstract

The experiment studied the effects of Bnfillus licheniformis fermented ginkgo leaves on serum lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition in breast muscle of broiler. 180 one-day-old AA broiler chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups, each of which had 6 pens of 10 chicks per pen. Birds in the control group were fed with the basal diets (Cont. group), or the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% or 0.6% Bnfillus licheniformis -fermented-Ginkgo leaves, respectively for 42d. All broiler chickens were ad libitum access to the feed and water. The results showed that, compared with the Cont. group, dietary supplementation of 0.3% and 0.6% fermented-ginkgo leaves could significantly decrease (Plt;0.05) the contents of the total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Percentage of abdominal fat in the group supplemented with 0.6% fermented-ginkgo leaves was reduced significantly compared with the other two groups (Plt;0.05). While the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the group supplemented with 0.6% fermented-ginkgo leaves was significantly increased (Plt;0.05). With respect to the fatty acid composition in breast muscle of broiler, C16:0 in the group of 0.3% and 0.6% fermented-ginkgo leaves supplemented groups and C18:0 in the group of 0.6% fermented-ginkgo leaves supplemented group was decreased significantly (Plt;0.05) compared with the Cont. group. The total saturated fatty acid (SFA) in both the group of 0.3% and 0.6% fermented-ginkgo leaves. The contents of the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), including C18:2, C18:3 and C20:4 was observed to be increased in 0.3% and 0.6% fermented-ginkgo leaves supplementation groups. In conclusion, as a kind of feed additive, Bnfillus licheniformis fermented ginkgo leaves could improve the lipid metabolism of AA chicken, reduced abdominal fat deposition, and could significantly reduce the chest saturated fatty acid content, at the same time, could increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids.

Key words: Bnfillus licheniformis-fermented-Ginkgo leaves; broiler chicken; lipid metabolism; fatty acid composition

目 录

1 文献综述 1

1.1 生物学特性 1

1.2 银杏的有效化学成分及生物活性作用 2

1.3 银杏叶在养殖业中的应用现状 2

1.4 银杏叶饲料添加剂的应用前景 4

2 材料与方法 4

2.1 试验材料 4

2.2 试验设计与日粮配制 5

2.3 动物饲养试验 6

2.4 饲养管理 7

2.5 测定指标和方法 7

2.5.1血清生化指标的测定 7

2.5.2 腹脂沉积的测定 7

2.5.3 胸肌脂肪酸含量测定 8

2.6 数据统计与分析 8

3 结果与分析 8

3.1血清生化代谢与腹脂沉积 8

3.2 脂肪酸组成 9

4讨论 10

5结论 12

致 谢 12

参考文献 13

前 言

银杏（Ginkgo biloba.L）是裸子植物中最古老的孑遗植物黄酮类化合物作为药物或保健品已有相当长的历史，它除含有丰富的蛋白质外，还含有维生素、叶黄素、叶绿素、矿物质、脂肪、核酸等多种营养成分，在众多的绿色植物叶片中，银杏叶还拥有独特的多种活性成分^[1-2]。如黄酮类、萜内脂类、聚戊烯醇类化合物等药用成分^[3-4]。其药理作用主要有^[5-7]：具有抗心血管疾病、改善心脑血管循环的功能；预防和治疗气管炎、肺过敏；明显降低血清胆固醇，同时升高血清磷脂；对金黄葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌和绿浓杆菌有抑制作用；能抑制病毒。该产品的主要特征是除保留了银杏叶中部分的生物活性成分外，还含有大量的有益菌或多组分、高活力的复合酶，为了提高生产性能和脂肪沉积、抗氧化功能具有重要意义。是在现有银杏叶生物饲料添加剂研究的基础之上，通过微生物发酵使原来不易消化吸收的大分子物质经微生物的转化变成小分子后易于肠粘膜吸收，使血液中的有效成分迅速达到有效浓度，可以更好的提高动物的生产性能和抗氧化功能。

目前，国内外对银杏叶资源的研究主要集中在医学研究领域对银杏叶黄酮的抗氧化应激损伤中的细胞保护和免疫调节方面，对动物生产实践的应用研究不多。国外曾有报道药用植物源发酵物对动物生产性能、血液生化指标及肉品质的影响的研究，但关于银杏叶发酵产物作为饲料添加剂对畜禽的有益作用的研究报道尚未见报道。臧素敏和王学静（2006）^[10]研究银杏叶提取物对肉仔鸡生长性能、腹脂、肝脂肪含量及血脂的影响。曹福亮等（2006）^[12]研究银杏叶生物饲料添加剂对黄羽肉仔鸡生长及免疫的影响。