摘 要

满堂红海棠是南京林业大学2012年自行选育的海棠新品种，具有很高的观赏价值，其花色红艳夺目，花型美丽，团团锦簇，观花期可达20天，叶色红绿相间、丰富多变，果实累累，色泽鲜亮且挂果期持续到冬季，树形挺拔，是集观叶、观花、观果于一体的优良观赏树种，它生长迅速，在苏南地区，3月上旬萌芽，3月中旬展叶，全年抽生的嫩枝和新展开的嫩叶均为紫红色，具有很高的开发研究价值。

满堂红海棠的花期较长，花色鲜艳，其花苞颜色出现时间为3月25日，花苞颜色为深红色，花苞观赏期为5天，嫩叶颜色为紫红色；3月30日进入初花期，初花期为4天，4月3日开始进入盛花期，花瓣颜色为玫红色至粉红色，盛花期为4天，4月7日进入落花期，叶色也逐渐变绿，整个花期持续8天左右，4月9日落花结束。由于其花苞出现时已经具有很高的观赏价值，所以整个观赏期可达15天。结实初期的果色为紫红色，具有很高的观赏价值。

本文以满堂红海棠为主要研究对象，通过三月中旬至五月中旬定期去下蜀林场对其展叶期、花苞形成期及颜色、花期及颜色、果实发育特征等进行详细的观察、测量和记载，全面了解高品种的开花结实等物候特征，为新品种选育打下基础。

关键词：满堂红海棠；新品种；开花结实特性

Analysis of the flowering and fruiting characteristics of new varieties --“Full house” Begonia

ABSTRACT

“Full house” Begonia is a new variety of North American Begonia, which is bred by Nanjing Forestry University in 2012. It has a high ornamental value. For example its flowers have red brilliant color, beautiful pattern and long ornamental period. Its natural flowering starts in the middle of March for 20 days or so. It also has red and green leaves, bore rich and bight color fruits. Besides, the fruiting period will until in winter. Above all, it is the fine ornamental trees set foliage, flowers, fruits in one, with high research and development value. It grows rapidly, in the southern region, it buds in early March and leaves in mid-March. The annual sprouted new shoots and expanded leaves are all purple.

“Fill house” Begonia has long flowering , bright colors, and its color appears bud time on March 25, bud color is dark red , bud viewing period of five days, new leaves color is dark red; 3.30 into early flowering, early flowering of four days, from 4.3 into bloom, petal color is rose red, flowering period is four days, 4.7 into late flowering, leaves gradually turn green, mature leaves color is green, the flowering period for eight days, 4.9 falling over. Coupled with its bud emergence period already have ornamental value, “Full house” Begonia entire viewing period of up to fifteen days. Strong early fruit color is purple, the main characteristics of ornamental traits evident, with high ornamental value.

This passage takes “Full house” Begonia as the main object of study. From mid-March to mid-May, we go to Xiashu forest farm on a regular basis to detailed observe, measure and record its leaf, bud formation period and color, flowering and color and characteristics of fruit development. This helps us to fully understand the high variety of flowering and fruiting phenology features. It also can lay the foundation for breeding new varieties.

Key words: “Full house” Begonia; new variety; the flowering and fruiting law

目 录

前言………………………………………………………………………………………………..................1

1 文献综述……………………………………………………………………………………2

1 . 1 海棠的品种资源…………………………………………………………………………………...2

1 . 1 . 1 生物学特性.........................................................................................................................2

1 . 1 . 2 传统海棠品种 ....................................................................................................................2

1 . 1 . 3 现代海棠品种......................................................................................................................3

1 . 2 海棠的价值研究…………………………………………………................................................3

1 . 2 . 1 观赏价值.............................................................................................................................3

1 . 2 . 2 文化价值.............................................................................................................................4

1 . 2 . 3 经济价值.............................................................................................................................4

1 . 2 . 4 食用和药用价值.................................................................................................................4

1 . 3 海棠的繁殖特点............................................................................................................................5

1 . 3 . 1 种子繁殖.............................................................................................................................5

1 . 3 . 2 嫁接繁殖.............................................................................................................................5

1 . 3 . 3 扦插繁殖.............................................................................................................................6

1 . 4 观赏海棠的园林应用....................................................................................................................6