摘 要

生物质能具有资源量大，污染低，分布广等优点，是可再生能源的重要组成部分。利用农作物秸秆为原料进行生产可再生能源开发是解决秸秆焚烧造成的环境污染和开辟新的能量资源能源的重要途径之一。

生物质炭是由植物生物质在完全或部分缺氧的情况下经热解炭化产生的一类高度芳香化难熔性固态物质。常见的生物质炭包括木炭、竹炭、秸秆炭、稻壳炭等。生物质炭具有高度稳定性和较强的吸附性能，在全球碳生物地球化学循环、气候变化和环境系统中发挥重要作用。本论文通过对生物质炭特性的系统研究，针对制约我国农业可持续发展的农田土壤养分流失严重和稻田温室气体排放量大等问题，重点开展了生物质炭输入对土壤氮素流失的影响、对稻田土壤温室气体排放的影响以及对水稻生长发育和产量的影响等方面的研究，并就相关机理进行探讨，本论文以稻秸秆、芦苇、毛竹为研究对象，在有无氮气保护的情况下，分别在400、500、600、700℃下，用热解炉制得24个不同条件的生物质炭，对该生物质炭进行多方面的研究，包括：①、得炭率；②、元素分析；③、热值；④、PH值；最后简要提出了今后土壤生态系统生物质炭的研究方向"研究结果为农林废弃生物质炭化资源化和稻田土壤温室气体减排提供了新思路,对实现传统农业向低碳农业发展的结构性跨越,确保我国农业健康可持续发展具有重要现实意义。

关键词：生物质炭；得炭率；元素分析；热值；PH值；

Study on the biological characteristics of different types of straw charcoal

ABSTRACT

As an important part of renewable energy, biomass energy has the advantage of abundance, CO₂ neutral and versatility. Gasification technology using the crop straws is a significant way to solve the problem of environmental pollution and could be a new clean energy.

Biomass-derived charcoal,also named biochar, refers to the highly aromatic Substance

remaining after Pyrolysis of biomass under complete or partial exclusion of oxygen.It can influence the environment through interactions with elimate and geology.Due to its characteristics of high stability against decay and high capability of adsorption, biochar plays a significant role in global climate change,carbon cycle in biogeochemical proeess and environmental system.Serious nutrient loss from soil and large amount of greenhouse gas emissions from paddy field were two substantial issues which prevent the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture in China.In this thesis,lab and field experiments were carried out to study physi-chemical properties,of biochars and the effects of different bioehars on soil nitrogen loss,methane(CH4)and carbon dioxide(CO₂) emissions from paddy soil and rice growth.Furthermore,the mechanisms of effeets of biochar on CH₄ and CO₂ emissions were discussed.In this paper, rice straw,reed,bamboo as the research object,there is nitrogen protection or no ,respectively at 400,500,600,700℃,24 different conditions of biomass carbonby pyrolysis furnace system,research,many aspects of the biomass charcoal,Including:①、Charcoal yield；②、Elemental analysis；③、Calorific value；④、The value of pH. In addition,some future research directions about biochar in soil ecosystem were put forward.Results of the study would provide a new approach to the reclamation of biomass residues from agriculture and forestry and a new thought for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies.

Key words:Biomass-derived charcoal；Charcoal yield；Elemental analysis；Calorific value；The value of pH；

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1能源危机与环境保护 1

1.2生物质及生物质能概况 2

1.2.1生物质能的来源和资源 2

1.2.2生物质资源的特点 3

1.2.3生物质的组成 3

1.3生物质气化技术概况 6

1.4 农作物秸秆、毛竹、芦苇气化存在的问题 6

1.5研究的目的和意义 7

2 稻秸秆基本特性及气化可行性分析 8

2.1前 言 8

2.2生物质基本特性分析 8

2.2.1生物质的工业分析 8

2.2.2生物质的元素分析 9

2.3实验材料与方法 9

2.3.1实验仪器及设备 9

2.3.2实验原料的破碎和筛分 9

2.3.2.1 原料的破碎 ................................................................................................................9

2.3.2.2 原料的筛分.................................................................................................................10

2.3.3实验方法 10

2.3.3.1 产品得率分析.............................................................................................................10

2.3.3.2 原料工业分析.............................................................................................................10

2.3.3.3 原料元素分析.............................................................................................................11

2.3.3.4 原料热值分析.............................................................................................................11

2.3.3.5 原料pH值分析............................................................................................................12

2.4实验结果 12

2.4.1原料得率分析 12

2.4.2 原料工业分析............................................................................................................................13

2.4.3 原料元素和热值分析................................................................................................................13

2.4.3.1 原料元素分析.............................................................................................................13

2.4.4 原料pH值分析..........................................................................................................................19