摘 要

本文以银杏雌配子体为研究对象，通过在花后40d至230d内对雌配子体中可溶性蛋白（采用考马斯亮蓝法）、淀粉以及可溶性糖（采用蒽酮比色法）含量的测定，对其主要内含物的变化进行了研究，初步揭示了银杏雌配子体发育过程中营养物质的动态变化规律。现研究结果如下:

（1）在银杏雌配子的整个发育过程中,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖类和淀粉含量总体都是呈现一个上升趋势的，但几种营养物质的消长趋势和积累模式有所不同。

（2）银杏雌配子体的发育时期可以根据内含物的变化分为几个时期，盛花后40d至130d处于种实的快速生长期，各项生理活动都需要大量而集中的营养物质来提供，花后130d可溶性蛋白和淀粉的含量分别增加了6.605mg·g^-1和36.068%。

（3）花后120d之后，雌配子体发育的中期，淀粉含量持续稳定的升高了35.893%，而可溶性糖类和可溶性蛋白质则呈现相反的趋势，分别降低了2.664%和4.295mg·g^-1。这是因为雌配子体中贮藏的营养物质彼此之间发生了相互转化。

（4）花后140d为发育中后期，雌配子体营养积累、转化明显，可溶性蛋白和淀粉以及可溶性糖的含量都呈现上升趋势，此时胚开始发育长大。

（5）淀粉含量从花后210d之后开始趋于一个比较稳定的状态，表明此时雌配子体营养物质代谢相对缓慢。到发育后期，胚长大并充满整个胚腔，雌配子体的发育活动逐渐减缓，物质含量积累稳定下来。

关键词：银杏、雌配子体、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉

Physiological changes in the development of Ginkgo female gametophyte

ABSTRACT

Ginkgo biloba L.also known as gingko, maidenhair tree.Ginkgo biloba L.is a deciduous tree,which belongs to Ginkgoaceae family.This paper studied on the female gametophyte. From the 40d after full bloom constantly to the 230d after full bloom,we studied the nutrients accumulation mechanisms in it,by measured the soluble protein with Coomassie brilliant blue method, starch and soluble sugar (collected by anthrone colorimetric method of content determination).Initially revealed the dynamic changes of nutrients during the development of female gametophyte. At present, the research results are as follows:

(1)Soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch content in the whole development process of Ginkgo biloba female gametophyte was showed a rising trend, but the growth and decline accumulation mode of this three nutrients are different obviously.

(2)Ginkgo female gametophyte’s development period can be divided into several phases according to the change of nutrients,40d after full bloom to 130d after full bloom is an initial stage which have real growth, all physiological activities require a large number of concentrated nutrients to provide, 130d after full bloom ,the soluble protein and starch content increased by 6.605mg·g^-1 and 36.068%.

(3)120d after full bloom, the development of female gametophyte is in the medium peried, starch content steadily increased by 35.893%, but the content of soluble sugar and protein are present an opposite trend, Decreased by 2.664% and 4.295 respectively. This is a process of the storage of nutrients’s transformation in the Ginkgo female gametophyte.

(4) 140d after full bloom is the later stage of development, It is a vigorous growth period which female gametophyte’s volume and the number of cells increases. The contents of soluble protein ,starch soluble and sugar showed an upward trend,at this time,the embryo start growing.

(5) Starch content began to tend to a relatively stable state from 210d after full bloom, indicating that at this time female gametophyte nutrient metabolism is relatively slow. In the middle and late stage of development, The embryo grows and fills the cavity of the whole embryo,the development of Ginkgo female gametophyte is gradually slowing down, and the accumulation of material is stable, which is beneficial to the formation of Ginkgo’s seed.

Key words：Ginkgo biloba L.; female gametophyte; soluble protein; soluble sugar; starch

目 录

引言

1文献综述………………………………………………………………………………………………3

1.1银杏的生物学特征…………………………………………………………………………………3

1.1.1形态特征…………………………………………………………………………………3

1.1.2生长习性…………………………………………………………………………………3

1.1.3地理分布…………………………………………………………………………………3

1.1.4生活史及繁殖特性………………………………………………………………………4

1.2银杏种实发育研究进展……………………………………………………………………………4

1.3银杏雌配子体研究进展……………………………………………………………………………5

2实验材料与方法………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.1实验材料来源……………………………………………………………………………………6

2.2研究方法…………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.2.1可溶性糖含量测定…………………………………………………………………………6

2.2.2淀粉含量测定……………………………………………………………………………6

2.2.3可溶性蛋白含量测定……………………………………………………………………7

3实验结果与分析………………………………………………………………………………………8

3.1银杏雌配子体发育过程中营养物质的变化……………………………………………………8

3.1.1可溶性糖含量的变化……………………………………………………………………8

3.1.2淀粉含量的变化…………………………………………………………………………10

3.1.3蛋白质含量的变化………………………………………………………………………12

4讨论…………………………………………………………………………………………………15

4.1银杏雌配子体发育过程中营养物质的积累规律………………………………………………15

4.1.1可溶性糖含量的积累机制………………………………………………………………15

4.1.2淀粉含量的积累机制……………………………………………………………………15

4.1.3蛋白质含量的积累机制…………………………………………………………………16